Harrow



(No Model.)

F. NISHWITZ.

HARROW No. 262,307. Patented Aug. 8l 1882.

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NTTED STATES PATENT Quince.

FREDERICK NISHWITZ, OF MILLINGTON, NEW JERSEY.

HARROW.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 262,307, dated AugustS,1882,

(No model.)

To all whom it may concern Be it known that I, FREDERICK N IsHwlTz,ot'Millington, in the county ot'Morris and State of New Jersey,have'invented certain new and useful Improvements in Harrows, of whichthe following is a specification.

The purpose of my invention is to produce asimple, light7 and cheapharrow which will act upon the soil in a most et'ticient manner. Withthis object in view I have devised a machine having a tongue ordraft-pole and a single transverse gang-bar carrying trailing erdragging barrow-teeth ofa peculiar character, which will hereinafter befully described. This gangbar also serves as a clod crusher or levelerfor the purpose of breaking up clods -and smoothing down minorirregularities ofthe surface.

I donot limit myself to a machine having a transverse bar whichconstitutes a leveler as well as a gang-bar, as a machine in which thesingle cross-bar constitutes a gang-bar only could be iliade withoutdeparting from some of the features of my invention, and would doubtlesshe very efficient and practical in certain classes ot' soil. Nor do Iwish to limit myself, so far as part of my invention is concerned, to abar having teeth ot' the specialcharacter shown.

The invention consists in certain novel features and organizations,which will hereinafter be described and claimed.

In the accompanying drawings, Figure l is a vertical sectional view, andFig. 2 is a plan view'of my improved machine.

The gang-bar and crusher C is hinged at cc, by suitable straps, to thedraft frame or tongue A B. The seat-standard D is pivoted upon thetongue or frame, and is supported by pivoted rods dal 011 the gang-bar.A lever, E, pivoted on the trame and preferably working in a slot in theseat-standard, has a bent end or rearwardly-projecting extension, E',which is connected with the seatstandard by a link, c. The lever is heldin any desired position by a pivoted notched dog or detent,which engageswith an eye thereon. The gang-bar and crusher is hinged to the frame sothat its lower face inclines upwardly and, as will be understood, actsas a crusher or leveler to break up clods and smooth the ground. It willbe obvious that by operating` the lever the gang-bar may be swung up ordown on its hinges to vary the relation ot' its crushing-face and oftheharrowteeth to the ground. rIhe harrow-teeth F have flat surfacesftorattachment to the gang-bar, and theirends are placed under the edgeofthe angle-strip G, which faces the lower front edge ot' the bar. Flatrearwardlyprojecting spurs or disintegrators H are placed between theteeth and similarly secured under the anglestrip. The spurs andtheatportionsot'theteeth constitute a substantially metal-facedopenslotted or comb-like crusher-bar. Such a bar and the special mannerof applying the teeth and spurs thereto are, however, not claimedherein.

The machine above described is exceedingly simple in construction andoperation. It has a single transverse bar which carries a gangot'trailing or draggingbarrow-teeth, and which may be adjusted to var vthe relation ot' the teeth to the ground. The single transverse gang-baralso constitutes a clod crusher and leveler, so that the ground istreated in the most perfect manner. The machine organized as above setforth operates to crush an d smooth the surface ot' the ground and thencut it up and harrow it very much after the manner-ot' the machine shownin my Letters Iatent No. 225,634, granted March 16,1880. In the lattermachine, however, two cross-bars are used, one being distinctively acrusher andthe other a gang-bar. It will be plain that the machineherein described is simpler,cheaper,and lighter,

and yet will operate thoroughly upon the soil.

In order to act upon the soil in the most perfect manner, leave it in auniformconditiou, and yet cause the machine to run in a straight line, Ihave devised the teeth F shown in the drawings. These teeth have asingle cuttingblade, which has a curved or rocker-shaped cutting-edge,j", and is so sinuously curved relatively to the line of draft as tocauseit to cut at two points at opposite angles relatively to thedraft-line. Thus the face atf2 cuts at one angle and tends to press themachine to one side, and the facef3 cuts at another angle and tends topress the machine in the opposite di- A rection. Each tooth thereforeexerts a pressure upon the soil in opposite directions, and

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as a result there is no tendency for the 1nachine to move out of astraight line. The teeth, as before mentioned, have a at surface forattachment to the gang-bar. They are then twisted to present a trailingcutting-edge to the soil and sinuously curved, as set forth. Teeth thusshaped can be arranged upon the frame in a uniform relation to eachother, and will thoroughly cut and break up the entire surface, leavingit in a uniform condition. Their leading characteristic is that theyhave a single blade which cuts at different angles relatively to thedraft at different point-s in its length, and thus presses upon the soilequally in opposite directions. The curved or rockershapedcutting-edgcj'" bears such relation to the soil as to bring the opposingfaces fzfl of the tooth into proper relation to the ground.

Further description of the operation is deemed unnecessary.

I am aware that a machine having a short plow draft bar or frame, atransverse gang-bar, and a series of rearwardly-inclineddownwardly-projecting straight teeth is old, and I therefore make noclaim to such an organization.

What I claim as my invention is 1. The herein-described harrow,consisting essentially solely ofa tongue,a single transverse gang-barconnected to the tongue and also constituting a Crusher-bar, and curvedtrailing barrow-teeth carried by the bar, substantially as set forth.

2. Thecombination ofadraftframeor tongue, a single transverse bar hingedthereto, a lever for swinging the bar on its hinge-connection to varyits relation to the frame and to the ground, barrow-teeth carried by thebar, and a drivers seat supported on the bar, substantially as setforth.

3. The combination', substantially as set forth, of a draft frame ortongue, a single transverse gan g-bar in rear thereof and hinged theretoso as to rise and fall in rear of the tongue or frame, harrow-teethcarried by said bar, and a lever for raising and lowering or swingingthe bar on its hinge to vary its rclation bodily to the frame andground.

4. Thecombination ofadraftframeortongue, a single transverse bar hingedthereto, harrowteeth carried by the bar, and a seat-standard pivoted onthe frame or tongue and supported on the transverse bar, substantiallyas set forth.

5. The combinationofa draftframeor tongue, a single transverse barhinged thereto, harrowteeth carried by the bar, a seat-standard pivotedon the frame or tongue and supported by pivoted rods on the transversebar, a lever on the frame, a connection between the lever and transversebar, and a detent, substantially as set forth.

6. The trailing harrow-tooth herein described, having a continuouscurved cutting edge and two opposing cutting-faces which press upon thesoil in opposite directions relatively to the draft and insure therectilinear motion of the machine.

7. A dragging or trailing harrow tooth curved sinuously or reverselyrelativelyv to a longitudinal central line, and having a continuoussinuous rockershaped cuttiugedge.

8. The combination ofadraftframe or tongue, a transverse bar, and aseries of barrow-teeth, each of which is sinuously or reversely curvedrelatively to the draft-line, substantially as and for the purpose setforth.

9. The combination of the draft frame or tongue, a single transverse barconnected therewith, and a series of harrowteeth carried by the bar,which teeth are formed with a continuous cutting-edge, and are shaped soas to present two opposing cutting-faces to the soil, substantially asand for the purpose set forth.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto subscribed my name this 2d day ofFebruary, 1882.

FREDERICK NISHWITZ.

VitnesSeS:

Guo. T. PINGKNEY, DUANE H. NASH.

